Crop farming basics, then an auto farm in Minecraft
Turn your spare seeds into Bone Meal with a Composter (7 Wooden Slabs).

The Composter turns plant waste into Bone Meal: seeds, crops, leaves, saplings and flowers all go in. It is also the workstation of Farmer villagers.
It is made with the Crafting Table from 7 × Oak Slab (or another variant). It is mined with an axe and drops Bone Meal. As fuel it burns for 15 seconds in a Furnace, enough to smelt 1.5 items.
Use plant items on it one at a time. Each item has a chance to add a layer of compost; cheap items like seeds rarely do, while pumpkin pie or cake always do. After seven layers the compost becomes ready and the next use gives you Bone Meal.
It works well with hoppers: one above feeds it, one below collects the Bone Meal. A Redstone Comparator reads how full it is, which helps automate a farm.
Placed in a village, an unemployed villager can claim it and become a Farmer. Being made of wooden slabs, it can be burned as fuel.
7 × Any of #wooden_slabs → Composter
// Slots with several items cycle through every accepted option.
Turn your spare seeds into Bone Meal with a Composter (7 Wooden Slabs).
Breeding itself needs no workstation; the Composter here only creates the farmer.
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At the Crafting Table: 7 × Oak Slab (or another variant) give 1 × Composter. Mining the block drops it, and it can also drop Bone Meal.
It turns seeds, crops, leaves and other plant matter into Bone Meal, and it is the Farmer villager's workstation.
The fastest tool is the axe.
Yes. In a Furnace it burns for 15 seconds, enough to smelt 1.5 items.
Placed under a Note Block, Composter gives the Double bass sound.
Yes: fire can spread to it and destroy it, and lava nearby can set it alight.