Potion brewing in Minecraft: every recipe in one place

Every potion in Java Edition 26.3 starts as a Water Bottle, and all but one go through an Awkward Potion first. Here is the setup, the modifiers and one table with every recipe and its durations.

Place 1 Blaze Rod above 3 Cobblestone in a Crafting Table. Cobbled Deepslate or Blackstone work too. Blaze rods only drop from Blazes in Nether fortresses, so brewing always takes one trip to the Nether.

One Blaze Rod crafts into 2 Blaze Powder. Put the powder in the fuel slot on the top left. One powder lasts 20 brewing operations. Each operation takes 20 seconds and brews up to 3 bottles at once, so a single powder makes 60 potions if you always fill all three slots.

3 Glass in a V shape give 3 Glass Bottles. Right-click a water source or a filled Cauldron with them, then put up to 3 Water Bottles in the bottom slots.

Put Nether Wart in the ingredient slot at the top. After 20 seconds the bottles turn into Awkward Potions, the base for almost every effect. Nether wart grows in Nether fortresses; plant it on Soul Sand to farm your own.

Most other ingredients added straight to a water bottle only give a Mundane Potion (or a Thick Potion with glowstone), and both are useless in Java Edition. The exception is the Fermented Spider Eye: on a water bottle it gives a Potion of Weakness directly.

Brew the awkward potions with one effect ingredient: Sugar for Swiftness, Golden Carrot for Night Vision, Breeze Rod for Wind Charging and so on. Durations are for the drinkable potion.

Potion	Ingredient (into Awkward Potion)	Duration	+ Redstone	+ Glowstone
Potion of Swiftness	Sugar	3:00	8:00	II: 1:30
Potion of Leaping	Rabbit's Foot	3:00	8:00	II: 1:30
Potion of Strength	Blaze Powder	3:00	8:00	II: 1:30
Potion of Healing	Glistering Melon Slice	instant	–	II: instant
Potion of Regeneration	Ghast Tear	0:45	1:30	II: 0:22
Potion of Fire Resistance	Magma Cream	3:00	8:00	–
Potion of Night Vision	Golden Carrot	3:00	8:00	–
Potion of Water Breathing	Pufferfish	3:00	8:00	–
Potion of Slow Falling	Phantom Membrane	1:30	4:00	–
Potion of the Turtle Master	Turtle Shell	0:20	0:40	II: 0:20
Potion of Poison	Spider Eye	0:45	1:30	II: 0:21
Potion of Wind Charging	Breeze Rod	3:00	–	–
Potion of Weaving	Cobweb	3:00	–	–
Potion of Oozing	Slime Block	3:00	–	–
Potion of Infestation	Stone	3:00	–	–
Potion of Invisibility	Fermented Spider Eye on Potion of Night Vision	3:00	8:00	–
Potion of Weakness	Fermented Spider Eye on Water Bottle	1:30	4:00	–
Potion of Slowness	Fermented Spider Eye on Potion of Swiftness or Leaping	1:30	4:00	IV: 0:20
Potion of Harming	Fermented Spider Eye on Potion of Healing or Poison	instant	–	II: instant

Healing restores 4 health (2 hearts), Healing II restores 8. Harming deals 6, Harming II deals 12. Turtle Master gives Slowness IV and Resistance III; the glowstone version gives Slowness VI and Resistance IV. The Potion of Luck exists in the game but has no brewing recipe: you only get it from the Creative inventory or commands.

• Redstone Dust extends the duration, for example 3:00 to 8:00.
• Glowstone Dust raises the effect to level II but shortens it. A potion takes either redstone or glowstone, never both.
• Fermented Spider Eye corrupts the effect: Night Vision becomes Invisibility, Swiftness or Leaping become Slowness, Healing or Poison become Harming. Extended potions stay extended (Night Vision 8:00 gives Invisibility 8:00), and Healing II or Poison II give Harming II. Swiftness II and Leaping II cannot be corrupted.
• Gunpowder turns any potion into a Splash Potion with the same duration.
• Dragon's Breath turns a splash potion into a Lingering Potion. Its cloud applies only a quarter of the duration (half the strength for Healing and Harming), and lingering potions are what you need for Tipped Arrows.

Every modifier also works on splash and lingering potions, so the order does not matter. Bedrock Edition uses the same core recipes plus a few extra ones, and its extended Regeneration and Poison last 2:00 instead of 1:30.