Minecart rail systems in Minecraft: powered rails, stations
6 Iron Ingots, 2 Sticks, 1 Redstone Torch

The Redstone Torch is a constant power source made from redstone dust on a stick. It powers redstone around it at full strength, but switches off whenever the block it is attached to receives power, which makes it the inverter of redstone circuits.
It is made with the Crafting Table from Stick and Redstone Dust. It gives off light up to level 7, depending on its state.
Placed on top of or on the side of a block, a lit redstone torch powers the dust and components next to it and the block directly above it. When that supporting block is powered, the torch goes out, and when the power stops it lights again. That simple NOT gate is the base of clocks, door locks, memory cells and countless other circuits.
If a torch is switched on and off too often in a short time, it burns out for a moment, a protection against runaway clocks. Lit torches also give off a dim red light.
Redstone torches are ingredients too: two go into a Redstone Repeater, three into a Redstone Comparator and one into each set of Activator Rails.
Redstone Dust + Stick → Redstone Torch
// Slots with several items cycle through every accepted option.
6 Iron Ingots, 2 Sticks, 1 Redstone Torch
Stand a Redstone Torch on top of each of those two end blocks (layer 3).
On the side of that block facing the hoppers, place a Redstone Torch (layer 2).
a Lever (Stick on Cobblestone), a Redstone Torch (Redstone Dust on a Stick) or a Block of Redstone.
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At the Crafting Table: 1 × Stick and 1 × Redstone Dust give 1 × Redstone Torch. Mining the block drops it.
It is a permanent power source and the inverter of redstone circuits, and goes into repeaters, comparators and activator rails. It is an ingredient in 3 recipes, made at the Crafting Table; for example Activator Rail, Redstone Comparator and Redstone Repeater.
Yes, up to light level 7, depending on its state (from 0).
No: when a piston pushes it, it breaks and drops as an item.