How to make and use maps in Minecraft
at the Cartography Table, a map and an Empty Map give 2 identical maps.

A Map shows the land you have explored as seen from above, with your position marked on it. It helps you find your way, plan builds and, for explorer maps, reach hidden structures.
It is made with the Crafting Table from 8 × Paper and Map.
A map fills in as you walk around with it in your hand. At a Cartography Table, you can zoom it out with Paper to cover a larger area, copy it with an Empty Map, or lock it with a Glass Pane so that it never changes again.
Put maps in Item Frames to build a wall map of your world. Use a map on a placed banner to add a marker with the banner's color and name.
Cartographer villagers sell explorer maps that lead to an Ocean Monument, a Woodland Mansion or other structures, and buried treasure maps are found in shipwrecks and ocean ruins.
8 × Paper + Map → Map
// Slots with several items cycle through every accepted option.
at the Cartography Table, a map and an Empty Map give 2 identical maps.
Ocean, Trial and Woodland Explorer Maps
Enchanted books, armor, tools, maps and bells use a multiplier of 0.2, almost everything else 0.05.
At the Crafting Table: 8 × Paper and 1 × Map give 1 × Map.
It shows the area you have explored from above, can be zoomed out, copied, locked and hung on walls.