How to make banner designs in Minecraft: loom and patterns
Put a banner and a dye in a Loom, pick a pattern and take the result:

The Loom adds patterns to banners without spending extra dyes on each step.
It is made with the Crafting Table from 2 × Oak Planks (or another variant) and 2 × String. It is mined with an axe. As fuel it burns for 15 seconds in a Furnace, enough to smelt 1.5 items.
Place a banner, a dye and optionally a banner pattern item, then choose a design; up to six layers can be stacked. It is far easier than crafting patterns by hand. Two String over two planks make one, and it turns an unemployed villager into a shepherd.
2 × String + 2 × Any of #planks → Loom
// Slots with several items cycle through every accepted option.
Put a banner and a dye in a Loom, pick a pattern and take the result:
| facing | north · south · west · east |
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At the Crafting Table: 2 × Oak Planks (or another variant) and 2 × String give 1 × Loom. Mining the block drops it.
It designs banner patterns and makes shepherds.
The fastest tool is the axe.
Yes. In a Furnace it burns for 15 seconds, enough to smelt 1.5 items.
Placed under a Note Block, Loom gives the Double bass sound.