Crop farming basics, then an auto farm in Minecraft
Villages grow Wheat, Carrots, Potatoes and Beetroots.

Potatoes are planted with a Potato and give several potatoes, with a small chance of a Poisonous Potato. A crop block is a plant growing on farmland, harvested once it reaches its last stage.
Crops grow in light on moist farmland; bone meal speeds them up, and breaking them early gives back only the seed. Jumping on the farmland tramples it and destroys the crop. Farmer villagers plant and harvest these crops on their own.
Well lit and fenced off from animals, a row of crops is the base of any farm.
This item has no crafting recipe.
Villages grow Wheat, Carrots, Potatoes and Beetroots.
A novice farmer pays 1 emerald for 22 Carrots, 26 Potatoes, 20 wheat or 15 Beetroots; later for 6 Pumpkins or 4 Melons.
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Mining the block gives Potato and Poisonous Potato, not the block itself.
It is a growing crop on farmland.
No: when a piston pushes it, it breaks and drops as an item.